Fun Facts About Circulatory ideas for Kids

Fun Facts About Circulatory ideas for Kids-Aortic Valve

Circulatory system is more like a delivery system in our body. Blood moves in the human body from heart through blood vessels. The task of the blood is to carry oxygen as well as nutrients to each part of human body. It also carries wastes products of body to clean them. This is all, which is called as circulatory system of the body. We will clarify several fun facts for kids about circulatory system here:

Aortic Valve

Heart

First, we will discuss about the heart. It is muscle of body and its size is almost equal to clenched fist. It has four hollow chambers. Task of each room of heart is to pump blood around the organs of the body. The weight of an adult heart is just about 9-12 ounces that is almost equal to the weight of a can of soda. The weight of the heart is just.5% of the weight of human body but the tasks that it does are big. The heart of an adult pumps about 6000 gallons of blood in a day and that is pretty much when compared to its size. Do you know that our heart beats about 30 million times in a year?

Blood

The function of blood is not just to carry oxygen from heart to the cells of the body. Blood consists of three main parts these are white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.

The task of the white blood cells is to defend the body against any infection and disease.

The task of red blood cells is to deliver oxygen to the organs of the body. These also carry carbon dioxide and other wastes out of the body.

The third part of the blood is platelets. These help the body in repairs after any injury or illness.

Do you know that in one drop of blood there are 8000 white blood cells, 5 million red blood cells and 25000 platelets?

The thickness of blood is more than water.

Circulation

The blood starts circulating from the left ventricle of heart into aorta. When it leaves heart, blood is full with oxygen. This oxygen spreads throughout the human body starting from aorta. It then passes to the arteries system and after that to the smallest arterioles of the human body.

Aorta is largest artery of human body. The task of arteries is to carry blood out of heart.

The task of veins is to carry blood back to heart.

Do you know that if you strung all the blood vessels of the body and part them, then you can circle the globe with them for about two and half time!

It takes just two minutes for the blood to circulate through the human body. In this short period, it brings oxygen out and carbon dioxide back and it keeps on repeating this process through out the whole span of life!

About the Beats

You all must have heard about heartbeats. These are nothing but the sound of the valves that are present in heart closing. This sound comes as the valves push blood throughout the chambers of the heart and you can hear this with the help of stethoscope. Beats come when the muscles of the heart compact and pump blood out of heart. At first, the right and left atria contracts and pumps the blood to left and right ventricles. After it, the ventricles compact and collectively work to push the blood out of heart. The pause in the middle of the beats is the time when the heart again fills up with the blood to start the process all over again. Pulse rate of the body changes as per the corporal activities of the body. It increases when you do some practice or corporal labor. It also changes agreeing to age. For example, the heartbeat of an adult is 60-100 beats per little and on the other hand, the beat of a newborn baby is 130 beats per minute.

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Arteries and Veins

Arteries and Veins-Aortic Valve

In today's newsletter, we're going to talk about the vascular theory -- your arteries and veins. Unlike our discussion of the heart, which required a great deal of anatomy, our discussion of anatomy today will be much simpler. As I've stated previously, my goal in this series is not to make you doctors, but to help you understand enough about your body's systems and how they work so that you can present with your physician and actively share in your treatment. If you have high blood pressure, blood clots, or atherosclerosis, it's imperative that you fully understand how that happened, the physiological consequences of any medical treatments, and any viable alternatives that might be ready to you.

Aortic Valve

That's what we will cover today.

Circulatory Systems

As we discussed previously, you have some obvious circulatory systems.

The pulmonary theory that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs, and then returns the refreshed oxygenated blood back to the heart.

The systemic theory that carries the oxygenated blood away from the heart out to every singular cell in your body, and then returns the spent deoxygenated blood back to the heart so that it can be sent out straight through the pulmonary system.

There is for real a third system, the portal system, which loops within obvious organs or areas of the body that we will discuss in time to come newsletters.

The foremost thing to understand about these circulatory systems is that they are "closed looped." Unless there is injury, no blood leaves them. As you will see, even the cusine that every singular cell in your body receives from your blood happens without that blood ever leaving the terminated system. This becomes key when we talk about blood pressure.

The circulatory systems are comprised of:

- Arteries.

- Arterioles.

- Capillaries.

- Veins.

All told, these four components make up some 50,000 miles of passageways in the body. Let's take a look at them in more detail.

Arterial system

Arteries, arterioles, and capillaries make up the arterial system. Arteries and arterioles have only one function--to move blood throughout the body. That's all they do. They are channels, tubes, pipes if you will. As long as they are unclogged, flexible, and undamaged, they do their job. The original discrepancy in the middle of arteries and arterioles is one of size. Arterioles are just the smallest arteries you can see with the naked eye. Again, arteries and arterioles have only one function, to move blood. They do not feed any cells of the body--not even their own. That's for real a fun itsybitsy bit of trivia. The arteries of your body are not fed by the blood that flows straight through them. They need their own network of blood vessels called the vasa vasorum (literally, vessels of a vessel) that feed them -- from the outside!

As I mentioned, I'm not going to get into naming all of the arteries in the body; but for the most part, arteries take their names from either the organs they contribute (e.g.., the hepatic artery, which feeds the liver) or the areas straight through which they tour (e.g., the subclavian artery, which travels under the clavicle--Aka, the collar bone).

Capillaries

Capillaries are quite distinct in function. They are not designed to shuttle blood. In fact, blood hardly flows straight through them at all as they are so small they allow only one blood cell at a time to pass through. Instead, the capillaries are the end point of the arterial system. It is in the capillaries that food and oxygen are exchanged with every cell in your body (except your cornea and the lens of your eye). Amazingly, of the 50,000 miles of circulation in the body, capillaries include over 49,000 miles.

Unlike the arteries, capillaries are indiscernible to the naked eye. They are smaller than a human hair--microscopic. And it is because they are so small and their walls are so thin, that capillaries serve as the replacement theory for food and oxygen in the body. Keep in mind that every singular cell in the body (except the cornea and lens) is near a capillary. That means that as blood passes straight through the ultra thin capillaries, it is easy for oxygen and tiny sugar and protein molecules (the end products of digestion) to "exchange" straight through the walls of the vessel and feed every singular cell in the body.

Capillaries also serve as the connecting point in the middle of the arterial theory and venous theory that returns deoxygenated blood to the heart. The same replacement theory that works to feed the cells of the body works in reverse. Cells pass their waste such as carbon dioxide back straight through the walls of the capillaries, where the blood cells recently relieved of their oxygen payload, can now pick up the Co2 waste from the cell and carry it back to the lungs for replacement with fresh oxygen.

Surprisingly, there's more "space" inside the tiny capillaries than can be filled by your whole blood supply. If all your capillaries were "open" simultaneously, your blood pressure would drop precipitously, and you would die. What happens, though, is that your body intelligently shunts blood into distinct capillaries as needed. When functioning properly, this is a pressure regulating mechanism. The body can open more capillaries to lower pressure, and close off sections if needed to raise pressure.

Note: our bodies hold the capability to sprout new capillaries throughout our whole lives.

Venous System

The venous theory returns deoxygenated blood to the heart, and for the most part, it pretty much parallels the arterial theory in all aspects--just in reverse. Whereas the arteries start out large (the aorta) and end small (the capillaries), the venous theory starts small (the capillaries) and ends large (the vena cava). Veins tend to run right next to their corresponding arteries, and in fact have similar names. The subclavian vein, for example, runs in tandem with the subclavian artery under your collar bone. The original exception is the vena cava, which is the aorta's counterpart.

How arteries and veins are constructed

In this section, we start studying how problems occur. For it is their distinct construction (dictated by their distinct functions) that defines the nature of the things that can go wrong such as hardening of the arteries, high blood pressure, and blood clots.

Arteries

Arterial walls are composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle. It is their elastic nature and the nearnessy of colossal muscle tissue that allows them to improve and contract as the heart beats. This allows them to even out the increase in pressure caused by each beat. This is one of the original reasons why hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) increases blood pressure. If you pump more fluid straight through the same sized tube, pressure must increase. On the other hand, if the tube is flexible and can widen, the increase is less. (We will talk more about this later.)

Veins

Veins are thinner walled than arteries and have less elastic tissue, and much, much less smooth muscle tissue. Instead, veins make use of valves and the muscle contraction of your body's major skeletal muscles to squeeze blood along. This is the theorize you're asked to get up and walk colse to on a long plane flight--to forestall blood from pooling in your legs. As a side note, the lack of muscle in the walls of veins makes them more susceptible to bleeding when injured since there's no muscle to clamp down.

Problems that can occur in arteries

There isn't much strangeness as to what the problem is--the build up of arterial plaque on the walls of the arteries and arterioles. There is, however, a great deal of strangeness as to what causes it.

The basic problem is that arterial plaque (a aggregate of protein, calcium and cholesterol) starts construction up on the walls of the arteries. This causes the arteries to both dehydrate and narrow. So far so good! But what causes that buildup?

The cholesterol theory

The original theory lays the blame on cholesterol--that as cholesterol levels climb in the blood, this causes plaque to form on the walls of the arteries. But this theory begins to collapse under even the most elementary scrutiny. As I mentioned in my newsletter, the Cholesterol Myth, one of my beloved questions to ask doctors is, "If cholesterol is the main culprit in heart disease, why don't veins ever get narrowed and blocked?" And if you wanted to, you could throw capillaries into the equation too. Capillaries do not evidence the build up of arterial plaque. (They do, however, clog with amyloid plaque in the brain. But that's a distinct problem that we'll cover in a later newsletter.)

Think about this for a moment. If you have cholesterol circulating equally straight through the whole circulatory system, but it only causes plaque to build up in the arteries and arterioles, not the capillaries or veins, then how can cholesterol be the original cause of the problem? If cholesterol caused plaque to form, wouldn't it form everywhere? Since it only forms in the arteries, doesn't the problem have to be something unique to those arteries?

The arterial wall theory

A more sophisticated version of the theory says that the build up of plaque is triggered by damage to the arterial wall--the endothelial lining. The lining consists of a thin layer of endothelial cells that performs two significant functions:

- It protects the "innards" of the artery from toxic substances in the blood.

- It helps regulate the expansion and contraction of the arteries by releasing a bio-chemical (cyclic Gmp) into the cells of the smooth muscle in the arterial wall that convert the tone or firmness of the artery.

- In an attempt to mend damage to the endothelium, your body will "patch" the damage with plaque.

- This produces one of two conditions--two sides of the same coin really.

Artherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)

Damage to the endothelial lining is "managed" by the smooth muscle cells surrounding the lining. smooth muscle cells riposte to endothelial injury by rapidly multiplying and producing a fibrin/calcium/cholesterol patch. These patches, called plaques occur just inside the lining and thicken the artery's inner wall. Over time, given manifold injuries, the wall of the artery begins to dehydrate and come to be dysfunctional, no longer addition and contracting to regulate blood pressure --and steadily narrowing the passageway straight through which blood flows.

Arteriosclerosis (plaque build up)

Another way of describing this process is that your body creates plaque to "paste over" any damaged areas--like a scab over a cut. Over time, given repeated injury, these plaques intrude more and more on the inner passage of the artery steadily compromising the capability of the artery to improve and contract and for blood to flow freely.

But it gets worse

The damage to the arterial wall also triggers an immune response with white blood cells flooding the area. This leads to a chronic inflammatory response in the blood vessel. Continued inflammation causes even more damage, which accelerates the process.

All of this, of course, brings up the ,000 question: "Since the whole theory hinges on damage to the endothelial lining, what for real causes the damage to the lining, and why doesn't it happen to the lining of the veins?"

Once again, oxidized fats and Ldl cholesterol are named as the key culprits. Other suspected culprits include:

- Free radicals.

- High blood pressure (yes, high blood pressure begets more high blood pressure).

- Diabetes.

- High homocysteine levels.

- High C-Reactive Protein levels.

- Low levels of vitamin C (similar to scurvy).

- Low levels of nitric oxide.

- Heavy metals.

- Aging.

- Muscle matters

But once again, the question arises: "Are not all of these things gift in the capillaries and veins too?" The answer, of course, is yes they are--which means there's still a missing piece in the equation. The answer, according to the pH theory, lies not in what flows straight through the arteries and veins (which is identical), but in their construction (which is different). The key discrepancy in the middle of arteries and veins is in the amount of muscle tissue surrounding the endothelial lining. In arteries and arterioles, the smooth muscle is extensive. In veins, it is minimal. And in capillaries, it is totally absent. Why does this matter?

It matters because when muscle tissue is used it produces lactic acid. If your body is healthy (in an alkaline state) and has ready way to an abundant source of oxygen rich blood, that lactic acid can clear quickly. But for those citizen who eat a high acid forming diet and are in an acidic state, the lactic acid cannot clear quickly. (Remember, blood vessels do not have direct way to the oxygen in the blood that flows straight through them. They are dependent on the vasa vasorum.) It is the lactic acid that provides the final trigger that causes damage to occur in arterial linings, but not so in veins. It is the nearnessy of accumulated lactic acid in the smooth muscles surrounding arteries that finally causes plaques to form.

But even beyond lactic acid, there's someone else area where muscle tissue matters: nitric oxide. The contraction of the muscles in the arterial walls is regulated by a signaling molecule that we referred to earlier called cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic Gmp) in the muscle cells. Cyclic Gmp causes the arterial muscle to relax, in establishment for its next contraction. Cyclic Gmp is triggered by nitric oxide, which is produced in the endothelial lining. The capability of the lining to found enough nitric oxide to contend artery dilation is one of its most crucial functions. As damage continues to build in the lining, it blocks nitric oxide-induced dilation, thus stiffening the arteries.

High Blood Pressure

If the arterial blockages happen in your coronary arteries, the result, as we've discussed previously, is coronary heart disease and a heart attack. If it happens in the carotid arteries foremost to the brain, it can cause a stroke.

In most cases, however, the damage happens systemically, throughout your arterial system, and the effect is high blood pressure. As a quick review, blood pressure is a determination of the two pressures in your circulatory theory as your heart beats. The increased pressure produced in your circulatory theory by the contraction of the left ventricle is referred to as systolic pressure. The reduced pressure during free time is called diastolic pressure. These are the two numbers your physician gives you when reading your blood pressure (e.g., 120 over 70). Both low and high blood pressure are dangerous, but low blood pressure is normally easier to manage. High blood pressure, on the other hand, tends to be more intractable and harder to manage--and therefore more dangerous.

Your body has many mechanisms for controlling blood pressure.

- It can convert the amount of blood the heart pumps.

- It can convert the diameter of arteries, and the volume of blood in the bloodstream.

- To increase blood pressure, it can pump more blood by pumping more forcefully or more rapidly.

- It can also increase pressure by narrowing arteries (particularly the arterioles), forcing the blood from each heartbeat straight through a narrower space than normal.

- It can seal off capillaries forcing the blood into a smaller space, thereby addition pressure.

- The body can add fluid to the bloodstream (regulated by the kidneys) to increase blood volume and thus increase blood pressure.

- And it can take off fluid from the blood (also regulated by the kidneys), thereby decreasing pressure.

All of these things happen automatically, regulated by a healthy body, without your even thinking about it. In addition, blood-pressure measurements can vary throughout the day, affected by all from:

- Food.

- Alcohol.

- Caffeine.

- Smoking.

- Stress.

- Climate.

- And the time of day.

Blood pressure changes that occur simply during the day are the effect of the body's internal (circadian) rhythms. In most people, blood pressure rises rapidly in the early morning hours, in anticipation of rising and starting the day. This is not the effect of the corporal act of rising but is a preset theory that automatically increases a person's blood pressure at that time. Likewise, pressure normally starts dropping early in the evening in anticipation of going to sleep.

All of these things mentioned so far, have nothing to do with clinical hypertension unless they effect in secondary damage such as can be caused by smoking and alcohol or sustained stress. Clinical hypertension is a chronic and perilous health caused by:

- Constricted arteries.

- Hardened arteries.

- Malfunctioning kidneys (which we'll talk about in a subsequent newsletter).

If left untreated, chronic hypertension can cause:

- Damage to the heart muscle because of the extra load it puts on the heart.

- Strokes.

- Kidney damage--which leads to more hypertension, which leads to more kidney damage, etc.

And ultimately, it kills you.

Problems that can occur in veins

As we've already discussed, veins do not have a colossal amount of muscle tissue to contract and squeeze blood along. That means that without corporal performance to cause the skeletal muscles to squeeze the veins:

- Blood has a tendency to pool and stop flowing in veins--particularly in the legs where gravity works against you.

- Blood that isn't flowing tends to clot.

- Clots tend to propagate more clotting colse to the original clot.

- Cumulatively, this can form very large clots.

- Large clots that stay in place and block the flow of blood cause phlebitis.

If the clot breaks free and starts traveling straight through the circulatory system, it's called a thrombus. At anything point it lodges in a blood vessel and blocks it, it's called an embolism. If you think back to our discussion of the venous system, you'll remember that veins get steadily bigger as blood moves back to the heart. That means that clots that break free in the legs are unlikely to be stopped everywhere on their way back to the heart. The first place they are likely to lodge is when the right ventricle of the heart pumps them out into the pulmonary circulatory theory on the way to the lungs. If the clot is fairly small, it will lodge in the lung itself and block the flow of blood to a section of the lung, killing it. This is called a pulmonary embolism. Larger clots can for real lodge in the pulmonary artery feeding an whole lung...killing the lung just like that. Or the clot can lodge at the juncture where the pulmonary artery divides in the middle of the two lungs, which will kill both lungs simultaneously...in an instant.

Dvt, or deep vein thrombosis, is the term now ordinarily associated with clots that form as the effect of Continued sitting on an airplane. They tend to break free the next time you start entertaining again with any vigor. This can be some days or weeks after the plane flight itself, which means many citizen never join together the two events.

There is one other preeminent place that clots tend to form. As a effect of low blood flow or damaged valves, clots can form in the left atrium of the heart. If the clot forms there, it's already past the pulmonary circulatory theory so it can't affect the lungs. Unfortunately, the next stop for the clot is out into the systemic circulatory system, where it has a good opening of being pushed up into the brain causing a stroke.

What doctors do about these problems

Medical treatments for vascular problems never address the actual causes, but seek instead to force test results back into line. What is your physician likely to offer?

Clogged arteries

Modern rehabilitation for real only has two approaches.

1. Surgically mend the damaged area (bypasses and angioplasties).

2. Use drugs to improve the flow of blood straight through the damaged area and minimize the output of cholesterol, which serves as one of the triggers.

Neither of these approaches, of course, for real deals with the real problem.

High blood pressure

When it comes to high blood pressure, doctors rely roughly exclusively on pharmaceutical drugs. The four major classes of drugs are:

1. Diuretics, which sell out pressure by making you pee out water from your body. sell out the volume of fluid in your blood, and you sell out the pressure. Unfortunately, side effects can include dizziness, weakness, an increased risk of strokes, and impotence. (Not to worry, there are medications to alleviate the side effects.)

2. Calcium channel blockers, which work to relax and widen the arteries--thus reducing blood pressure. Then again, a major side effect of channel blockers is a 60% increased risk of heart attack.

3. Beta blockers, which work by weakening the heart so it won't pump as strongly, thereby reducing blood pressure. One of the major problems with beta blockers, though, is the increased risk of congestive heart failure.

4. Ace inhibitors (the new drugs of choice), which like the calcium channel blockers, also work to relax and widen the arteries. Unfortunately, Ace inhibitors can produce severe allergic reactions, can be deadly to fetuses and children who are breastfeeding, and can cause severe kidney damage.
Again, none of these drugs deals with the actual cause of the high blood pressure. They are merely an attempt to force test numbers into line and forestall citizen from immediately dying.

Blood clots and Dvt

If doctors are worried about clots (such as after bypass surgery), they put patients on blood thinners. The appropriate is Coumadin (warfarin). Aside from the usual jokes that Coumadin is essentially rat poison (which it is), it has serious side effects. It can cause severe internal bleeding that can be life-threatening and even cause death. You can always tell a man on warfarin by the broad bruising all over their body since even the slightest bump or touch is enough to cause internal bleeding. It's a bit like using dynamite to open a locked door. It can do the job, but you need to be oh so faithful or you'll blow up the construction at the same time. There are better choices.

Note: some citizen might think aspirin is a good alternative. It's not. While aspirin may be beneficial at keeping blood flowing straight through arteries, studies indicate it has no effect on preventing clots from forming in veins.

What are the options?

As it turns out, for most major heart problems, you have a world of alternatives--certainly safer and often far more productive than their medical counterparts.

Clogged arteries

- Studies have shown that dietary changes alone can unplug arteries.

- Proteolytic enzymes, particularly formulas that include either nattokinase or lumbrokinase, can break down the proteins that hold plaque together stuck to arterial walls--effectively dissolving it.
Proteolytic enzymes can also help dissolve scarring of the endothelial lining.
And proteolytic formulas that include seaprose-s, serrapeptase, and/or endonase can help sell out arterial inflammation that both constricts arteries in real time and contributes to time to come long term damage.

- enough Omega-3 fatty acids in the diet also help sell out arterial inflammation and dramatically sell out the circulating levels of damaging Nefas.

- Antioxidants such as Sod, pomegranate, grape seed passage (Aka Opcs), and pycnogenol help heal the endothelial lining, thereby preventing time to come plaque and helping to heal current plaque.

- Methylating supplements such as B6, folic acid, B12, Tmg, and Same help sell out homocysteine levels, thereby reducing damage to the endothelial lining.

- L-arginine and noni passage support the smooth muscle in arterial walls in obtaining enough nitric oxide to function properly.

- quarterly heavy metal detoxing can sell out a major cause of irritation to the endothelial lining and a original instigator of plaque formation.

- And raising body pH straight through allowable diet and the use of supplements such as coral calcium reduces lactic acid levels in the arterial smooth muscle, thereby minimizing damage to arterial linings.

As you can see, there is a world of choices you can make that can dramatically convert your vascular outcomes. Virtually all of them are covered if you're following the Baseline of health Program.

High blood pressure

Pretty much all you do to sell out clogging of the arteries will, by definition, help to sell out blood pressure. In addition, though, you can also consider:

Lose weight. Uncomplicated laws of physics apply here. As we've already discussed, your blood vessels have to assistance every singular cell in your body. The more body mass you have, the more pressure you need to force blood straight through the system. Lose weight; less pressure required.

If you smoke, stop. Smoking constricts blood vessels and raises pressure.

If you're stressed, try meditation or biofeedback. As part of your body's "flight and fight" mechanisms, stress increases heart rate and blood pressure to help riposte to the short term stress of an strike from a saber toothed tiger. Twenty-four/seven stress was not designed into the system. Continued stress definitely impacts blood pressure levels. Even if you have clogged arteries, reducing stress levels can still help drop your blood pressure levels significantly.

Herbs such as passionflower, apocynum venetum, hawthorne, and stevia (yes stevia) have all been shown in clinical studies to help lower blood pressure.

Blood clots and Dvt

Proteolytic enzymes, particularly formulas that include either nattokinase or lumbrokinase are just as productive at preventing clots, with wide fluctuating dosage tolerances. In other words, good proteolytic formulas work with minimal opening of side effects. In fact, a good systemic proteolytic enzyme formula that also contains enzymes such as endonase, seaprose-s, or serrapeptase can have manifold beneficial effects for the circulatory theory in addition to reducing clotting. Such formulas can play a major role in reducing inflammation and scarring in the cardiovascular theory and improve cardio perfomance in athletes.

Conclusion

When it comes to most forms of heart disease associated with the arteries and veins, you have a world of alternatives--certainly safer and often far more productive than their medical counterparts. It's also worth noting again that if you are following the Baseline of health Program, then you're already doing most of them.

Which brings us to the final part of our series on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the cardiovascular system--your blood. In the next issue will take on this most complicated of subjects.

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How Caffeine Can sway Your health

How Caffeine Can sway Your health-Valve

In a regular cup of coffee there are about 170 mg of caffeine and in decaffeinated coffee there are about 30/40 mg of caffeine.

Valve

On the stock market, Coffee is a 90 billion dollar business but what is necessary is that just in North America 85%+ drink 3 to 5 cups of coffee per day. A huge whole of citizen are at risk for many of the issues surrounding coffee consumption.

Top Ten Reasons why you should reconsider switching to a "Healthy Coffee"

Top 10 Caffeine-Related condition Problems

Cardiovascular Problems

Caffeine increases your heart rate, elevates your blood pressure, and can contribute to the development of heart disease. Both decaf and regular coffee increase your cholesterol and homocysteine, the biochemical that science has linked to increased risk for heart attack. Caffeine is also linked to coronary vasospasms, the cause for 20% of all fatal heart attacks which kill otherwise perfectly wholesome people.
Stress

Caffeine stimulates the excretion of stress hormones which can furnish increased levels of anxiety, irritability, muscular tension and pain, indigestion, insomnia, and decreased immunity. Increased levels of stress from caffeine can keep you from being able to make wholesome responses to the normal daily stress everybody is subjected to in their lives.

Emotional Disturbances

Anxiety and irritability are hallmark mood disturbances linked with caffeine consumption, but equally important is depression and attentiveness disorders. Depression may occur as part of the let down after the stimulant effects of caffeine wears off. It may also appear during the recovery duration after quitting caffeine while the brain's chemistry is readjusted. Caffeine rather than increasing thinking activity beyond doubt decreases blood flow to the brain by as much as 30% and negatively effects memory and thinking performance.

Blood Sugar Swings

Diabetics and hypoglycemics should avoid caffeine because it stimulates a temporary surge in blood sugar which is then followed by an overproduction of insulin that causes a blood sugar crash within hours. If you're trying to loose weight, this rollercoaster will beyond doubt cause weight gain since insulin's message to the body is to store excess sugar as fat.

Gastrointestinal Problems

Many citizen caress a burning sensation in their stomach after drinking coffee because coffee increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid important to an increased risk for ulcers. Coffee, along with decaf, reduces the pressure on the valve in the middle of the esophagus and the stomach so that the extremely acidic contents of the stomach pass up to the esophagus important to heartburn and gastro-esophageal reflux disease. With America 's high consumption of coffee, its no wonder the best selling over-the-counter drugs are the so-called antacids.

Nutritional Deficiencies

Caffeine inhibits the absorption of some nutrients and causes the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron and trace minerals, all necessary elements necessary for good health.
Male condition Problems

Male condition Issues

Coffee is an irritant to the urinary tract and bladder. It is also a diuretic that aggravates conditions linked with frequent urination. Eliminating coffee and caffeine often relieves symptoms linked with frequent excretion due to enlarged prostate glands.

Dr. Milton Krisiloff, M.D. Has found that in the majority of cases, men can significantly sacrifice their risk for urinary and prostate problems by development dietary changes which contain eliminating coffee and caffeine.

Female condition Problems

Fibrocystic breast disease, Pms, osteoporosis, infertility problems, miscarriage, low birth weight infants, and menopausal problems such as hot flashes are all exacerbated by caffeine consumption. Women on birth operate pills are particularly at risk since they have a decreased capability to detoxify caffeine.

Adrenal Exhaustion

Caffeine consumption leads to eventual adrenal exhaustion which can leave you vulnerable to a range of condition disorders linked to inflammation, autoimmunity, and fatigue.
Aging

Many citizen find in their forties that they can no longer tolerate the same level of caffeine consumption as they could in their twenties and thirties. The production of Dhea, melatonin, and other vital hormones start to decline and caffeine speeds up that downhill drop. Caffeine dehydrates the body and contributes to the aging of the skin and kidneys. It has been shown to inhibit Dna repair and slow the capability of the liver to detoxify foreign toxins.

Exhausted Adrenal Glands

Caffeine is a central nervous theory stimulant. It causes the adrenal glands to secrete adrenaline, the hormone your body depends on in emergencies to elevate your heart rate, increase your respiration and blood pressure for a rapid flight-or-fight response. When you overuse stimulants, the adrenals come to be exhausted. If your caffeine sensitivity has diminished or you're one of those who claims you can drink 3 shots of espresso and go right to sleep, guess what? Your adrenals have given up responding. This means you have less resistance to stress, which leaves you vulnerable to condition hazards such as environmental pollutants and disease pathogens

Severe Blood Sugar Swings

Caffeine soldiery the liver to publish glycogen into the blood stream. The pancreas responds to the sudden rise in blood sugar by releasing insulin, the hormone which causes excess carbohydrates to be stored as fat. Within the span of an hour or two, the supervene is a sharp blood sugar drop resulting in a state of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). That's when you think it's time for someone else cup of coffee and the whole cycle starts up again.

Acid Imbalance

Over 208 acids in coffee can contribute to indigestion and a wide range of condition problems resulting from over-acidity linked with arthritic, rheumatic and skin irritations. Many citizen caress a burning sensation in their stomach after drinking coffee because coffee increases the secretion of acid in the stomach. Optimal condition calls for an alkaline pH balance in the body.

Essential Mineral Depletion

Coffee inhibits the absorption of some nutrients and causes the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron and trace minerals, all necessary elements necessary for good health. Women need to be involved about osteoporosis as menopause sets in. Studies show that women who drink coffee have an increased incidence of osteoporosis compared to non-coffee drinkers. Men are not immune to osteoporosis either.

These are a whole of condition conditions for which doctors suggest their patients to eliminate coffee and all caffeine from their diet.

Acid indigestion
Anxiety, irritability and nervousness
Candida or yeast problems
Colitis, diverticulitis, diarrhea and other irritable bowel symptoms
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and other auto-immune disorders
Diabetes or hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
Dizziness, Meniere's syndrome or tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
Gout (Elevated Uric Acid levels)
Heart disease or heart palpitations
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Insomnia and interrupted or poor capability sleep
Liver disease and gallbladder problems such as gallstones
Kidney or bladder problems along with kidney stones
Migraines or other vascular headaches
Osteoporosis
Skin irritations, rashes and dryness
Ulcers, heartburn, and stomach problems such as hiatal hernias
Urinary tract irritation

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Pump Maintenance and fix for Pressure Washers

If you have a pressure washer enterprise you will at last need to convert out or mend the pump. There are a few things you should know to make such convert outs easy. You may also need to study up on inhibitive maintenance so that you do not have to worry about pump failure. Your pressure washer probably has one of two dissimilar pumps if it is industrial grade. Either a Cat Pump or a normal pump; both are commerce standards. normal is the leader in the commerce for sales and many prefer Cat as it sucks good from plastic water tanks.

Your pump is powered by two parallel belts connected to your engine. You should make sure not to starve your pump from water. When the water tank is empty turn off the engine. Starving a pump will burn it out in about thirty-five minutes. The maker says five to ten minutes, but that's not life threatening. Your pump has a safety highlight whereby when you are not spraying the water, it will automatically by pass into the tank provided there is sufficient water for the complete loop. Thank you. We also understanding it was one of our great ideas. You should convert the oil in the pump every month. Make sure your pressure washer rig is on level ground and fill the pump to the red dot on the center of the eyeglass. Over filling is a unmistakably bad idea.

On your pump you will observation six large bolts. Inside of the holes are check valves with springs. After 300-500 hours you should convert them. You can do this yourself. The valve kits are .000. It's very easy:

Unscrew bolts

Remove old valve

Replace valve

Make sure to seat the valve evenly

Screw the bolt back in by hand

Make sure the O-ring on the bolt is snug

Tighten with wrench pretty tight

Inspecting The Pump

If you drain the oil and it's got bubbles in it or has turned white, then you have a blown seal and water is getting into the oil because: It overheated due to water starvation; The casing cracked because of vibration; You forgot to convert the oil, dummy (0 mistake and one lost day's work if you can get the parts that fast).

Check to see if the belts are tight. If not tighten them. Look for water drips. A slow drip on the exit side of the pump could cost you as much as 150 Psi at the nozzle. A fast drip (two to three drops per second) could be a 250-300 Psi loss at the nozzle. A steady drip stream might be a 500 plus Psi loss. When you see water leaking, fix the leak Asap. Be sure to use ample Teflon tape when re-tightening fittings. This will stop hereafter leaks, prevent rust and make fittings easy to isolate in the future.

A hole in a hose or leak on the inlet side of the pump causes air to get in. The pump will act as if it's starving for water. It might even pulsate. When the water level in your tank reaches a point below the leak in the hose, air will replace the water and you'll get zero pressure. That makes it very hard to wash anything.

Low pressure in the pump can be caused by a whole of things; these are by far the most common, but this is not a complete list, commonly if you go thru this list the question will be solved, check the easiest things first such as water supply:

Faulty pressure gauge (Replace)

Out of water (Fill up tank)

Old or worn out tip at gun nozzle (Replace)

Incorrect tip (Remove and replace)

Belt slippage (Tighten belt)

Hose leaks (Fix leaks)

Faulty unloader (Replace)

Mis-adjusted unloader (Re-adjust)

Worn packing in pump (Take it to dealer)

Inline filter clogged with dirt (Clean it)

Obstruction in spray nozzle tip (Remove it)

Chemical metering valve sucking air (Turn it off)

Slow engine rpm (Check engine)

If you have a pulsating issue at the gun or the engine is ranging pressure, this is a completely dissimilar question than low pressure. You should check for: Worn piston packing (Call dealer). Pump sucking air (Fix hole), Blockage in valve (Remove, check valves and take out blockage). If it is ranging and very noisy or if your pump is only noisy check for:

Air in suction line (Check water furnish and connections)

Broken or weak inlet or dismissal valve springs (Call dealer)

Excessive matter in valves (Check and clean if necessary)

Worn bearings (Check and replace. If necessary, call dealer)

Vibrations from mounting (Tighten it. If unable, call dealer)

If you find the presence of water in the pump oil, it could be caused by: Blown pump head seals, High humidity in air (Change oil more often) or Piston packing worn then call your dealer. If water or oil drips from the lowest of the pump this could be a whole of things such as Piston packing worn, the O-ring plunger retainer is worn, Oil seal worn, Pump head seal shot or Crack in pump head. If any of these call the dealer and see if they have the parts in stock, you may be able to fix it yourself if you feel confident, if not you will need to leave your machines with the dealer for repairs.

Pump lubrication should be done every three months or 500 hours, which ever comes first. Use Sae 40 weight oil or equivalent for Cat pumps. Use 20/30 weight non-detergent oil for normal pumps. It should be hydraulic oil with anti-wear and rust inhibitor additives. The oil level should be checked by seeing in the window on the side of the pump. Only fill oil half way to the red dot.

As a pressure washing contractor you must understand how to maintain and mend your equipment, think about it.

Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve surgery overview and Advantages

Your heart is a involved organ that pumps blood throughout your body as the succeed of its electrical system. A group of cells called the sinoatrial node produces electrical impulses that cause the four chambers of your heart (i.e. Two atria and two ventricles) to contract. The contractions occur in a uniform manner and push blood from the chambers.

As blood leaves each chamber, it flows past a valve; there are four of them in your heart. The mitral valve (Mv) separates your left atrium (upper chamber) and left ventricle (lower chamber). Illnesses, healing events, and congenital defects can cause disorders with the Mv. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (Mimvs) can be performed to fix these disorders. This description will contribute an overview of the approach and review some of its advantages over former thoracotomy.

Types Of Mitral Valve Diseases

There are two main problems that can build with the two leaflets of your mitral valve: stenosis and regurgitation. The previous is far less coarse than the latter.

A stenotic Mv is one that is narrower than normal. Because the chance is restricted, less blood can flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. This can cause pooling and clotting within the upper chamber, and make less oxygenated blood ready for circulation. This disease is regularly a side succeed of untreated rheumatic fever; the body's immune law attacks the valve and causes the valve's flaps to thicken and stiffen.

A regurgitant Mv is one in which the leaflets flop back into the atrium. This is called prolapse. The health allows blood to flow backward from the ventricle into the atrium when the lower chamber contracts. As a result, pressure rises within the upper chamber and causes it to enlarge.

Regurgitation can be caused by a previous heart assault or an infection that was left untreated. One of the side effects of this disease is atrial fibrillation; your heart's electrical law becomes disrupted.

Different Surgical Approaches

There are any separate methods used for minimally invasive mitral valve mend surgery. The approach depends on the disorder. For example, a stenotic Mv can be resolved with a procedure called balloon valvuloplasty. This formula uses a catheter with a balloon affixed to the tip to forcibly widen the narrowed valvular opening.

A regurgitant valve can be repaired with separate methods, depending on which leaflet is diseased. A triangular resection is done if the posterior leaflet if flopping. On the other hand, if the previous leaflet is affected, the surgeon may accomplish a chordal transfer. This is done to generate withhold for the diseased flap.

Traditional thoracotomy requires a long (i.e. Six to eight inches) incision into the chest after which the breastbone is separated. This process is unnecessary with minimally invasive techniques. Depending on the surgical equipment ready and the surgeon's expertise, minimally invasive mitral valve mend can regularly be terminated with a few small incisions. In some cases, surgeons can complete a procedure with little more than a few keyhole entries.

Advantages Of Minimally Invasive Techniques

Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery offers any benefits over conventional thoracotomy. First, procedures can be performed in less time with a lower likelihood of complications (i.e. Stroke, endocarditis, etc.). Second, it is less traumatic on the heart muscle and thus, can best withhold its general function. Third, the patient's recovery time is far shorter with a minimally invasive approach than would otherwise be the case.

Another major advantage of Mimvs is that the mortality rate is lower than with former open heart surgery. Moreover, if the mitral valve is repaired rather than replaced, anticoagulant therapy is regularly unnecessary.

All of the above benefits dovetail to contribute the outpatient with an whole improvement in their potential of life. Less trauma while surgery, fewer complications, a shorter recovery period, and the absence of blood thinners, contribute the outpatient with a more enjoyable postoperative lifestyle. In the end, that is the extreme purpose of minimally invasive mitral valve repair.

Aortic Stenosis Causes Symptoms facts With rehabilitation

Stenosis by all means narrowing. Normally, oxygen rich blood is pumped from the left ventricle, through the aortic valve and into the aorta. Critical aortic stenosis is relatively uncommon affecting about 6 of every 1000 babies born and occurs more often in boys. When a child has aortic stenosis, the area where blood exits the heart's lower left accommodation is too narrow. Heart valves are thin leaflets of tissue which open and close at the allowable time while each heart beat cycle.

The heart muscle may also begin to weaken, foremost to heart failure. When the degree of narrowing becomes Critical adequate to impede the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the arteries, heart problems develop. Aortic stenosis occurs 3 times more commonly in men than women. The succeed is that the left ventricle must squeeze harder to get a adequate estimate of blood through the aortic valve with each beat. The increased work load makes the muscle of the left ventricle grow thicker (hypertrophy). At last the heart muscle cannot keep up with the work load and begins to fail.

Causes of Aortic Stenosis

The tasteless Causes of Aortic Stenosis:

Progressive calcification of the aortic valve with age (most tasteless in elderly)

A bicuspid (two-part) aortic valve with progressive wear and tear

An aortic valve that has only one cusp or is otherwise stenotic from birth

Rarely, scarring of the aortic valve caused by rheumatic fever

A birth fault of the aortic valve (this valve ordinarily has three cusps)

Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis

Some Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis:

Fatigue, especially while times of increased activity

Dizziness

weakness,

Shortness of breath, especially with exertion

Breathlessness with activity

Fainting.

Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations)

Chest pain,

Heart murmur

Treatment of Aortic Stenosis

Surgery is the only treatment to cure aortic stenosis. The procedures may include an aortic valve replacement, aortic valve fix or aortic balloon valvuloplasty. Ask your caregiver for more data about these procedures.

Antibiotics may be given to help treat or forestall an infection caused by germs called bacteria

This treatment may be given to make your heart beat stronger or more regularly. There are many distinct kinds of heart medicines. Talk with your caregiver to find out what your treatment is and why you are taking it.

This is treatment that may be given to help thin the blood to keep blood clots from forming.

This treatment is often called "water pills". Diuretics help your body get rid of extra fluid (edema) in your legs and ankles. This treatment may also help get rid of extra fluid in your lungs or colse to your heart. It may also decrease your blood pressure. You may urinate more often when taking diuretics.

This type of treatment is given to help decrease (lower) the estimate of cholesterol (fat) in your blood.

Aortic Stenosis in Dogs

This is one of the most serious concerns for the pet owners - especially for the persons who own dogs. Aortic Stenosis is a type of serious heart problem. The disease involves narrowing of the outflow channel that is found in the middle of the main artery of the body (Aorta) and the ventricle (Left). This narrowing of the outflow channel may take place at three distinctive regions, viz. Above the Aortic valve (Supravalvular), at the level of the Aortic valve (Vulvular) and below the Aortic valve (subvulvular).

Although the valvular and the subvalvular cases are generally found, the supravalvular case is a rare one and is generally caused by the supplementation of Vitamin D to the pregnant bitches. The researchers have been burning their midnight oil to unearth the salient cause of Aortic Stenosis in dogs and other animals and have proved that it is basically a genetically inherited problem. Hence the only way out to get rid of this serious qoute is not to use the dogs and bitches who are afflicted to Aortic Stenosis in the breeding program.

The symptoms, as a matter of fact, may vary to a great extent beginning from approximately no prior sign to sudden loss of life. The common symptoms are, however, abnormal systolic murmur and the dog will show the sign of practice intolerance accompanied by lethargy and even fainting in the worst situations. When it comes to the sound of the heart, sound is louder on the left region of the chest at the heart base level. This at last leads to serious complications like cardiac arrest or left-sided heart failure.

Treatment

Stenosis dilution by the dint of the balloon catheters has not been proper worldwide due to its series of failures. Normally the treatment involves improving the cardiac output and curing treating the condition of dysrythmias. The -blockers and the calcium channel blockers have proved to be quite successful in this regard. Pet owners are advisable not to carry out any sorts of experimentation with the patients afflicted to Aortic stenosis. Remember that a Veterinarian surgeon is the right person to give you the right decision.

When Does a Leaking Heart Valve Mean Heart Valve Surgery?

A leaking heart valve fortunately, does not all the time mean valve surgery. And, heart valve surgery, if it becomes necessary, does not all the time have to mean that you'll need an open-heart surgery.

In fact, most population with a leaking valve disorder, are totally unaware of their valvular disease. Their mildly leaking valve condition goes undetected because it just never progresses to the point of needing treatment.

Symptoms which might indicate that your leaking heart valve also called valve regurgitation is worsening to the point of needing some form of treatment are: unexplained fatigue, shortness-of-breath especially when you exert yourself, heart palpitations, an awareness of your heart beat, fluttery or irregular heart beat, chest pain also referred to as angina, dizziness or fainting, and swollen ankles or feet.

The heart valves are made to move your blood through your heart in one direction. When there is valve leakage, the valve leaflets fail to close properly, and some of the blood is regurgitated backwards in the wrong direction.

In severe heart valve leakage or regurgitation, the heart has to work much harder to re-pump the blood back through your heart and into your body. This "over-work" causes enlargement of the heart.

If you begin to observation that your normal daily activities are tiring you out, and you're experiencing one or more of the symptoms we've already mentioned, it may be time for you to visit your doctor or cardiologist.

For example, do you observation that walking up your drive to the mail box is exhausting, or maybe just bending over to take clothes from the dryer causes chest pain, or do you contact breathlessness just from being outdoors the heat? These could all be signs of heart valve disease.

Your Gp can listen to your heart with a stethoscope. Often, just listening to your heart can tell your doctor if you have a heart murmur. Depending upon the severity of the murmur he or she hears, your Gp may refer you to a cardiologist.

The cardiologist's pathology will probably comprise one or more of the following tests:

- an electrocardiogram (Ecg), a test that measures the electrical activity of your heart to see how well it is working
- an echocardiogram, an ultrasound scan that produces a photo of the inside of your heart - a chest X-ray - a heart cath, a small tube (catheter) is threaded up to your heart through an artery - normally in your groin. A dye that shows up on X-rays is injected into your blood stream and X-rays are taken to furnish an image of the blood flowing through your heart - a cardiac Ct scan that uses X-rays to make a three-dimensional image of your heart.

If these tests show that your have a severely leaking heart valve, then, you will probably need some form of heart surgery. When possible, heart valve repair surgery is all the time preferable to valve exchange surgery because your own heart tissue is being used to make the repair; however, if you need a valve replacement, the artificial and pig valves are overwhelmingly successful.

As of this writing, the only approved choice for treating severely leaking heart valves is open-heart surgery with heart-lung bypass. But, if your problem is a leaking mitral valve, you just might be in luck, some 30 hospitals across North America are now participating in an Fda-approved clinical study of an experimental expedient for repairing a leaking mitral valve, which does Not need open-heart surgery.

This is truly enthralling news! Amazingly, this minimally invasive procedure can repair a leaking mitral heart valve while the heart is still beating. In this Fda-approved clinical study, an experimental expedient and procedure use a catheter inserted into a vein in the groin.

What Causes Pain between Shoulder Blades?

The shoulder blade, otherwise known as the scapula is the bone structure in the upper back part of the body connecting the arm to the thorax (chest wall). The shoulder blade also forms part of the socket, which connects the upper arm to the socket. It is surrounded by muscles and tissues which upholstery the bone structure allowing the shoulders to move smoothly. Thus, the shoulder blade is largely complicated in the distinct movements of the human arms. Like any other parts of the body however, the shoulder blade may suffer swelling and inflammation, which lead to what is generally referred to as shoulder blade pain.

However, pain in the middle of shoulder blades may be caused by a amount of factors. The pain may be sourced from inflammation of the tissues or tendons surrounding the scapula or the shoulder blade. Muscles surrounding the shoulder blade may have been torn or strained due to some strenuous activities. The same case may also apply as regards the tendons and ligaments in the scapula region. Joint dislocations may also lead to shoulder blade pain as a consequent of a strong trauma after an accident or during a play of a sport. Shoulder blade pain may also involve infection or bone tumor in the region of the scapula; but cases of this type are very infrequent.

Although pain in the middle of shoulder blades may signal that there is something wrong with the tissues, joints, ligaments or muscles colse to and within the shoulder region, it is not any way all the time the case. Not all types of pain in the middle of shoulder blades are indicative of infection, inflammation, or problems within the scapula region. Pain in the middle of the shoulder blades may be an indicator of a disease other than that which is directly connected to infection in the scapula; such pain may be a signal warning from one of the organs of the body. This type of pain is considered as "referred pain".

Shoulder blade pain may signal any pain from another part of the body the severity of which may range from mild to severe. Thus, the pain may be a referred pain from the lower part of the neck, or from the lower part of the back. This may be caused by too much stress or too much time spent in front of the computer. This may also indicate a posture problem. If the person has a bad posture, the spine may be affected and therefore it refers the stress and pressure to the shoulder blade area.

On the other hand, pain in the middle of shoulder blades may indicate severe healing problems or conditions in the other organs of the body. It may mean an impending heart attack; it has been documented that prior to a heart attack, most are experiencing pain in the middle of their shoulder blades. Gallbladder disease may also manifest in the form of pain in the middle of shoulder blades. This may frequently be accompanied by vomiting. It may also be caused by liver cancer and esophageal cancer or cancer in the esophagus due to an abnormal increase of cells and tumors in a person's esophagus.

My Pilot Light Won't Stay Lit - What Now?

I went to a Heating and Air Conditioning customer's home the other day. They had called me to tell me that their heater was not coming on. It is December and getting colder in northern California. I am a kind guy so I headed over there after I closed with my quarterly job.

I arrived at the home and went to where the heater is located in a closet in the home. (yours maybe in the attic, basement, or garage) I removed the door and found a 30 year old Heating unit. This unit has a standing pilot light, a flame that burns continuously, and it was not lit. After trying to light the pilot light unsuccessfully I considered that pilot light would not stay lit.

The older Heating furnaces with standing pilot lights have a thermocouple, that is designed to sense the pilot light flame. That is how the pilot stays lit when you take off your hand from the dial, while trying to relight the pilot. If the thermocouple fails the pilot will not stay lit and the burners will not light so the furnace will not heat the house. You can visually check the thermocouple as well as the pilot flame. Look at the pilot flame while keeping the knob in the start position.

1. Is the pilot flame floating (if it is have a Heating serviceperson check the gas valve)

2. Is the copper lead bent or kinked

3. Is the thermocouple insulation damaged

4. Is the thermocouple tip dirty

You can clean the tip by lightly sanding it. Also make sure it has not slid down out of the flame. If you feel the flame is aimed properly and the thermocouple is clean and there are no illustrated signs of damage then damage is on the inside, take off it. You can take it to an appliance parts and aid dealer where they will sell you the precise part or you can call a heating aid person to come replace it for you.

Percussion and Palpation - Major Abdominal examination Skills

The sequence of examining the abdomen changes according to the age and cooperativeness of the child. Often all four types of assessments (inspection, auscultation, percussion and palpation) are performed at dissimilar times. For example, the medical practitioner may auscultate for bowel sounds following estimate of heart and lung sounds at the beginning of the test when the child is quiet. Percussion usually follows lung percussion, and palpation may be done toward the end of the test when the child is relaxed and more trusting of the medical practitional.

For descriptive purposes the abdominal cavity is divided into four compartments or quadrants by drawing a vertical line midway from the sternum to the pubic symphysis and a horizontal line across the abdomen straight through the umbilicus. This recipe of group admittedly includes the pelvic cavity. Each section is designated as follows: Right upper quadrant (Ruq), Right lower quadrant (Rlq), Left upper quadrant (Luq), Left lower quadrant (Llq).

Percussion
Percussion of the abdomen is performed in the same manner as percussion of the lungs and heart. Normally, paralysis or flatness is heard on the right side at the lower costal margin because of the location of the Liver. Tympany is typically heard over the stomach on the left side and usually in the rest of the abdomen. An unusually tympanitic sound, like the beating of a tight drum, usually breathing. However, it can also denote a pathoilogic health such as low intestinal obstruction or paralytic ileus. Lac of tympany may occur usually when the stomach is full after a meal, but in other situations it may denote the presence of fluid or solid masses.

Palpation
Two types of palpation are performed, superficial and deep. In superficial palpation a doctor lightly places the hand against the skin and feels each quadrant, noting any areas of tenderness, muscle tone, and superficial lesions, such as cysts. Superficial palpation is often perceived as "tickling" by the child. Which can interfere with its effectiveness, The nurse can avoid this qoute by having the child "help" with the palpation by placing him with statements such as, "I am trying to feel what you had for lunch". Admonishing the child to stop laughing only draws attention to the sensation and decreases cooperation. Positioning the child in supinated position with the legs flexed at the hips and knees helps relax the abdominal muscles.

Tenderness in any place in the abdomen during superficial palpation is all the time noted. There are two types of abdominal pain:
1. Visceral, which arises from the viscera or internal organs such as the intestines, and
2. Somatic, which arises from the walls or linings of the abdominal cavity such as the peritoneum.

Visceral pain is usually dull, poorly localized, and difficult for the sick person to describe. Somatic pain is ordinarily sharp, well localized and more admittedly described. When assessing abdominal pain, it is foremost to remember that the child will often respond with an "all-or-none" reaction- whether there is no pain or great pain. Therefore all aspects of the test must be carefully carefully when ruling out conditions such as appendicitis.

A special phenomenon called rebound tenderness, or Blumberg's sign, may be performed if the child complains of abdominal pain. It is performed by pressing firmly over the part of the abdomen distal to the area of tenderness. When the pressure is suddenly released, the child feels pain in the former area of tenderness. This response is only found when the peritoneum overlying a diseased visceral or organ is inflamed, such as in appendicitis.

Deep palpation is used for palpating organs and large blood vessels and for detecting masses and tenderness that were not discovered during superficial palpation. If the child complains of abdominal pain, the area of the abdomen is palpated last. Normally, palpation of the mid-epigastrium causes pain as pressure is exerted over the aorta, but this should not be confused with visceral or somatic tenderness.

The doctor palpates the abdominal organs by pressing them with a free hand, which is placed on the child's back. Palpation begins in the lower quadrants and proceeds upwards. In this way, the edge of an enlarged liver or spleen is not missed. Except for palpating the liver, thriving identification of other organs, such as the spleen, kidney, and part of the colon, requires indispensable practice with tutored supervision.

The lower edge of the liver is sometimes palpable in infants and young children as a superficial mass 1 to 2cm (1/2 to inch) below the right costal margin (the length is sometimes measured in fingerbreadths). If the liver is palpable 3cm (1/4 inches) or 2 fingerbreadths below the costal margin, It is carefully enlarged and this looking is referred to a physician. usually the liver descends during inspiration as the diaphragm moves downward. This downward displacement should not be mistaken for a sign of hepatomegaly. In older children the liver Often is not palpable, although its lower edge can be estimated by percussing paralysis at the costal margin.

The spleen is palpated by feeling it between the hand placed against the back and the one palpating the left upper quadrant. The spleen is much smaller than the liver and positioned behind the fundus of the stomach. The tip of the spleen is usually felt during inspiration as it descends within the abdominal cavity. It is sometimes palpable 1 to 2 cm below the left costal margin in infants and young children. A spleen that is facilely palpated more than 2cm below the right costal margin is enlarged and is all the time reported for additional medical investigation.

Other anatomical structures that are sometimes palpable in children include the cecum, and sigmoid colon. The cecum is a soft, gas-filled mass in the right lower quadran. The sigmoid colon is left as a sausage-shaped mass that is freely movable over the pelvic brim in the left lower quadrant and is usually tender.

Although most of these structures are not routinely felt, one should be aware of their relative location and characteristics in order not to mistake them for abnormal masses. The most tasteless palpable lower quadrant because with constipation the left colon fills with stool and gas until the ileocecal valve is reached. The the cecum becomes distended, causing pain, which may be erroneously associated with appendicitis.

Special methods of investigation
Laboratory examination
1. Habit blood examination
2. Urine tests (bile pigments, ketonuria)
3. Biochemical determination (bilirubin total, unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin, protein, cholesterol, AlAt, AsAt, amylase, trypsin and lipase)
4. Biochemical determination of Urine for diastase.

Disorders
1. Syndrome of cholistasis increased level of total and conjugated bilirubin and cholesterol).
2. Syndrome of cytolysis (increased level of AsAt, AlAt, Ldg)
3. Syndrome of dysfunction of pancreas (increased level of amylase, trypsin, lipase)
4. Chain polymerizes reaction for virus of hepatitis A, B, C
5. test of feces for intestinal parasites (ascarides, lamblia cysts, enterobiosis)
6. Copogram
• Indigested muscular fibers
• Steatorrhea
• Lientery
• Bacteria in the feces

Instrumental methods of examination
1. Esophagogastroduodenoscpy
2. Ultrasound investigation
3. Intragastric pH-metry
4. Colonoscopy
5. Procto(sigmoido)scopy
6. Artificial discrepancy study of gastrointestinal system
7. Laparoscopy
8. Irrigoscopy and irrigography

Normal laboratory values of biochemical determination of blood
Glucose 3.33-5.55 mmol/L
Bilirubin total 8.5-2.0 mcmol/L
Unconjugated 2/3 of total
Conjugated 1/3 of total
Protein total 60.0-80.0g/L
Alt 0.1-0.75 mcmol/g/L
Ast 0.1-0.45 mcmol/g/L
Amylase 16-32 dye units/L

A number of gastrointestinal disorders are caused by disturbances in motor function. Some such as Hirschsprung's disease, produce typical signs of obstruction and are alternately classified as obstructive disorders.

11 Tips for Air Compressor Maintenance

Now that you've invested in an air compressor to run all of your air tools you're going to have to learn how to keep it up and running. Because the accepted handyman's air compressors don't typically require daily upkeep, it's easy to forget about them and neglect their upkeep. This can be a costly oversight so it's vital for you to keep an eye on the following maintenance tips.

Maintenance Tip 1: Read and succeed Your Air Compressor's Manual

Nothing stops an air compressor faster than an owner who doesn't read the owner's manual. There's going to be some straightforward tips in there for you that will help you to get a nice long life out of your air compressor - straightforward stuff for you to do that you would never have understanding to do unless you read it. Plus, if you don't succeed the rules in your air compressor hand-operated there's a occasion that you'll void your warranty. That in itself should be sufficient of an incentive to read the "flipping" manual.

Maintenance Tip 2: Drain The Moisture From The Tanks

The receiver tank collects moisture from the air that it's compressing - especially if you live in a humid climate. Most tanks have a valve for draining this moisture that accumulates and it's up to you to make sure that these are drained regularly. Before draining the water you should be sure to issue the air pressure from the tanks.

Maintenance Tip 3: Clean Intake Vents

If you force your air compressor to work too hard to intake air you're losing power on your compression. This will gradually degrade the capability of your tool. Be sure to keep your intake vent as clean as inherent and check them regularly especially if you're working in a dusty or dirty environment.

Maintenance Tip 4: Tighten All Fasteners

Your air compressor's a running, vibrating motor and it will loosen its screws, nuts and bolts on a regular basis. Be sure to check these periodically and tighten them up if you find any that have jiggled loose.

Maintenance Tip 5: Check Hoses Regularly

Check all your hoses periodically as they are the veins of your air compressor. If they come to be cracked or corroded they could soon begin to leak and then put undue strain on the rest of your compressor's components. Be sure to check them and replace them if you find them cracked or damaged.

Maintenance Tip 6: Test the security Shutdown System

Your air compressor may have a built in security shut down. The function of this ideas is to shut off your compressor if it's getting too hot, or if the engine's oil pressure is too low. This test will help you ensure a longer chronic compressor.

Maintenance Tip 7: Check and convert Air Filters As Needed

A filthy air filter is only hurting your air compressor by allowing dirty air from the surface in, plus forcing it to work harder to intake air. Check your filters regularly and convert them if you notice a heavy build up of dust and dirt. convert every six months or so if you use it infrequently.

Maintenance Tip 8: Clean the Fuel Tank

As with any motor you need to periodically clean out the fuel tank to ensure optimal operating conditions. You should look to clean out the motor on your air compressor once every year or so to remove any residual build up from the fuel. This will reserve the life of your engine.

Maintenance Tip 9: Check and convert the Compressor Oil

If you're running a compressor that uses oil you should be checking it on a daily basis to make sure that your motor is topped off. Then, every 500-1000 hours of use you should be changing this oil to ensure maximum functioning of your air compressor.

Maintenance Tip 10: convert the Separator Element

The separator element prevents the inordinate use of oil, but it has to be replace periodically. Keep your compressor in top health by replacing the separator element every 1,000 hours of operation.

Maintenance Tip 11: Clean the Heat Exchangers

If your heat exchangers are dirty then they can't do their job, which is to sacrifice the operating temperatures of your air compressor. Clean them regularly to keep your operating temperatures down and increase the life span of your air compressor.

By following the tips above you'll ensure a nice long life for your air compressor, plus the jobs that you use it for will go faster and more productively. A well maintained air compressor is a marvelous motor for any job site or workshop, so keep yours running smoothly.

New and Used Motor Home Rv Values - Blue Book and Nada

Unlike the guides for automobiles which are based on analyses of actual car prices, the Blue Book and Nada guides are based primarily on a ration of the manufacturer's recommend sell price (M.S.R.P.). These guides may be nowhere near the actual current resale value.

The guides contain many options in the M.S.R.P. So it is hard to know which, if any, options you should include. This makes it easy for options to be expensed twice. A great way to find the resale value of Rv's is to look at other movable homes of the same class, make and model. Check for similar amenities and base your price on that. If you are finding to buy a used Rv, these comparisons can help you determine if the price quoted to you is a fair and cheap price.

Motor home Rv values should be based on actual selling prices of similar movable homes, taking into consideration factors like age and extensive condition. Are there dents or leaks? Has the unit been properly maintained on a quarterly basis? Do all of the appliances work? If this is a motorized rig, what is the mileage? Is it above or below the average? Does it run well for the mileage? Check all accessories that came with or were added, such as the air conditioner, satellite dishes, back up mirrors, awnings, solar panels and kitchen appliances. Does it all work? If you are selling your rig, making sure all of these items are in good health can greatly growth your selling price.

Use the Blue Book and Nada values as a starting point and then adjust your price, or offer if you are buying, up or down agreeing to the health of the Rv. You can growth the value of your motor home by sprucing it up. Add new curtains, makes sure it is spotless and modernize appliances. These straightforward maneuvers can add hundreds to your selling price. There are many variables in motor homes to be considered. Is it a towable or motorized? How many can it sleep? What appliances are included? What does the maintenance report tell you? If you have a late model motor home to sell, you may want to have an appraisal done to insure that you bet the best price possible. Some large Rv dealers furnish this assistance and will even broker a deal for you for a small fee.

The type of Rv you want to sell or buy also has an work on on your profit or cost. Obviously, a luxury motor coach will garner a larger selling price than a tour trailer or pop-up camper. As a possible buyer you need to just determine how much you can spend for an Rv, what type of motor home you want and what amenities you think necessary, than with all of this in mind start finding around. There are dozens of online sites you can browse and check out the class of movable home you want. Many of these sites have interior and exterior pictures along with a list of amenities. Of course you will want to find a dealer in your area so that you can physically explore the used rig yourself before you buy. Ask to see the maintenance report if available. If you are buying from a dealer ask about a warranty.

The Blue Book and Nada guide are beneficial tools as a starting point. You need to take into consideration the age and health of the unit, as well as amenities available. Nina Romanov

Art study Schools report - Can You Draw This?

Some years back when I was teaching engineering at Iowa State University, I sent for that miniature test that can get you into the Art instruction Schools. I passed the test but never heard from the School again which was just up I-35 north of me.

A join of years ago, I took the test again. I passed again. Nothing happened. I looked on the Internet and called the school. The school sent me some data but gave me no way to sign up for the course. Then one day I got a call from a gentleman who lives in Tooele, Utah. He said that he was advent up to see me and to start drawing so that he could see what I could do. A week later he showed up in his beat-up old car, told me that he covered most of the western states, and asked if I could afford the course.

Getting those formalities out of the way, he looked at my drawings. I asked, "Do you think I can learn to draw."

He looked at my landscape paintings on the walls of my home. Finally he said, "Yes, you can learn to draw."

I wrote him a check for the three-year course even though he advised me to pay by the month, gave me a few hints on drawing, and took off to interview a teenager up the rode who he suspected would not be able to buy the course.

I have now completed the course except for the final exam which I have not yet received. Here are my impressions:

1. The cost is very reasonable for what you receive, but it cost practically ,000.00. However, you can pay by the month if that is a factor.

2. Each chapter comes in a isolate book. You get one book at a time except the first time when you get the first two lessons. I found that I occasionally had to wait for a chapter to be returned a bit longer than I wanted to wait. However, practically all lessons have been returned within 30 days. There were some longer delays because of the artist being on maternity leave, together with one of my mail instructors. The staff had quite a baby boom this spring. I asked to have lessons sent in develop so that I could end the course within 18 months rather than three years. I got my final lessons in one big bunch. This is not a good idea-it is great to see your grade and annotation from the previous chapter before you start a new lesson- but I'm an old man with a pig's aortic valve and time is costly to me.

3. Each chapter is very comprehensive. You will see examples from great artist, from other students, and from the Art instruction Schools instructors. Each technique is clearly and expertly explained. There are exercises in each chapter that need to be completed. Finally you do your assignment and send it in for grading.

4. What amazed me was that every chapter you completed by submitting the final drawing or drawings was not only evaluated but also drawn by the grading instructor. This is very leading because you are not criticized but shown how things should be done. The instructor draws your drawing and puts an overlay on top of your drawing with helpful comments on the overlay to help you scholar the subject at hand. In all cases, my work looked like crap along side that of the instructors.

5. I didn't call into talk to an instructor until I was well into the course even though I was advised to do so in every lesson. That was a missed opportunity. When I did call in, I realized what a wealth of knowledge the Art instruction Schools instructors have. I was never brushed off by an busy instructor. I was all the time given as much time as I needed and then some. The instructors are talented artist and great teachers.

6. I met only one trainee while I took the course. He is an American Indian that lives not too far from me on the Blackfoot Indian Reservation. He is a very talented artist and I couldn't see why he was taking the course. He told me the one thing that he had learned from the course (he is behind me) was patience. I have to agree on that. Art takes time and you have to give your brain a break to do it right. The school all the time says not to rush your work. For me, that is tough. I bought an ink drawing from the young man. He wanted .00 and I offered him .00. He took it because he had a date that night. I guess I had just come from a yard sale and was still in the bartering mode. I have decided that I owe him that .00 because I enjoy the drawing very much. I'll get it to him the next time I pass by that way.

7. My drawing does not collate with the instructors but I have been able to say a "B" mean over the course. For that, I received a special certificate for each chapter segment noting that I had done above mean work. I received only a join of "C" grades and "A" grades.

8. The most consuming lessons to me were using color. I now just blend the three traditional colors for my landscapes, seldom finding for a singular color in a tube. Learning to use ink washes and color was consuming to me. However, the emphasis on the course was drawing. If you can scholar drawing, you will be a much great painter, not only from the accuracy of the drawings but by finding tones, light and shadow, and textures.

9. I learned as I went along that I had not mastered the earlier lessons as well as I should have. I was continually going back to see what I had done versus what the instructor had done versus what the lessons said to do. Like always, I was too much in a hurry. I'm goal driven. I pick up a chapter book and say, "I've got to get this baby in there." That is the wrong approach. Take the three years.

10. Some of the many skills taught in the course are composition, design, lettering, etc. The business was started in 1914 to train artists for the United States Mint. When I was required to form a stamp and received the instructors version of my stamp, I could see that the school's history is still evident. I was proud of my stamp and my wife liked it too, so did my artist daughter-in-law (who is very polite). But the instructors stamp using my form was stupendous.

The school has about 5000 students, so I have been told. They are selective as to who they enroll as students with being able to pay for the course a prime factor, but if you don't have the ability to learn to draw in the mind of the gentleman in the old car, you will not be accepted.

Did I get out of the course what I wanted? What I wanted was to heighten my landscapes. However, I have only done a few landscapes since I enrolled in the course. But I know that my landscapes will be much great after the course. There are no other courses available. If they did offer a exact course on landscape painting, I would take it.

There are celebrated graduates of the School. Charles Schultz of Snoopy fame was a graduate and also an instructor at the School. Why yes, there was a chapter on cartooning and I just loved it. You could see one of my cartoons but I am not allowed to tell you how to find it on the Internet. That would be self-aggrandizement.

The basic art course at Art instruction Schools is a humdinger!

Fly Old Glory!

Fetal Circulation and Transition To Extra-Uterine Life

The amelioration of a human baby from a single cell (one ovum unites with one sperm to form the zygote, the name given to fertilized ovum) and the subsequent transition from intra-uterine to extra uterine life is one of the greatest wonders of creation. It is to be remembered that the fetus cannot get atmospheric oxygen but is nourished by oxygen from the mother through the placenta. In order to accomplish this, the fetus has a mechanism which would be extremely abnormal in extra uterine life. To understand this, first we need to understand the general circulation in adults.

The heart is a four chambered organ. The two upper chambers are called atria-left and right. The two lower ones are called ventricles -left and right. The 2 atria are thoroughly separated by a structure called inter-atrial septum. Similarly the ventricles are separated by the inter-ventricular septum. Thus blood in the left side of the heart is thoroughly separated from the blood in the right side. The right atrium receives blood from all the organ of the body through two main blood vessels-the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava and then pumps that blood into the right ventricle. This blood is depleted of oxygen.

The right ventricle pumps this blood into the lungs through a blood vessel called pulmonary artery, which divides into two one each for a lung. The main artery goes on dividing and subdividing till it reaches the sac like structures in the lungs called alveoli. The total covering area of alveoli is practically equal to the size of a tennis court. In the alveoli gas transfer takes place-carbon-dioxide is thrown out and oxygen is taken up by the blood. The minuscule blood vessels carry oxygenated blood into progressively larger blood vessels and ultimately this blood comes to the left atrium through four pulmonary veins. From the left atrium oxygenated blood enters the left ventricle through the left atrio-ventricular valve. The left ventricle then pumps blood into a big blood vessel called aorta. This gives off branches and supplies oxygenated blood to all the cells of the body-the whole process is no less complicated than the water contribute and drainage system of a town! Blood from the cells is again returned to the right atrium thus completing the cycle. The cycle goes on and on till the end of life.

This can never work in a fetus because there is no direct access to atmospheric oxygen. Nature has devised a breathtaking mechanism to contribute oxygen to the fetus. The umbilical cord which forms the link between the mother and the fetus and is cut after birth, contains a blood vessel called umbilical vein. This vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta into fetus. This divides into two inside the body of the fetus one field goes to the liver and the other called ductus venosus joins inferior vena cava, which carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. From this point the fetal circulation is different. As this oxygenated blood has to be supplied to all the fetal cells it has to go to the left side of the heart. There is no point in pumping it to lungs, which cannot carry out gas exchange. The inter-atrial septum in the fetus consists of two overlapping layers. They overlap in such a way that blood from the right atrium can enter the left atrium but the reverse cannot take place (valve like mechanism). The pressure in the right side heart in the fetus is higher than the left-exactly opposite to that after birth. Hence most of this blood goes into the left atrium, then to the left ventricle and pumped into aorta.

The right atrium also receives deoxygenated blood from the upper parts of the body through the superior vena cava. This blood mixes with blood from the inferior vena cava (which carries blood with higher oxygen concentration) enters the right ventricle and then pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus the pulmonary artery is related to the aorta by a blood vessel called ductus arteriosus. Because there is no point in pumping blood into the lungs most of the blood in the pulmonary artery in shunted over the ductus arteriosus into the aorta. This blood contains less oxygen than that pumped by the left ventricle and supplies the lower parts of the body. The umbilical cord also contains two umbilical arteries. These arteries consist of deoxygenated blood from the fetus into the placenta completing the cycle.

Soon after birth the umbilical cord is clamped and cut. This increases resistance to systemic blood flow and raises the pressure in the left side of the heart. At the same time pulmonary pressure falls as air enters the lungs of the baby with the first breath. This stops the right to left shunting of blood over the atria. As the pressure in the aorta goes above that of pulmonary artery the shunt over ductus arteriosus gets reversed and some blood flows from the aorta into the pulmonary artery. But the ductus arteriosus starts shrinking and functionally closes by about 72 hours of life and anatomically closes within a few weeks. Thus the mixing of blood between the two sides of the heart thoroughly stops and the usual adult type of blood circulation is established.

Another unique feature of the fetus is the proximity of a separate type of hemoglobin called fetal hemoglobin. This differs from the adult hemoglobin in that it has higher affinity for oxygen than the adult hemoglobin. Hence it is able to take up hemoglobin from the maternal hemoglobin and deliver it to fetal cells. It can be observed that fetal cells get blood with lower attentiveness of oxygen than adults do because of mixing of blood in the two sides of the heart. The fetus is able to survive in spite of low oxygen attentiveness because the maternal body takes care of many functions and the vigor requirement is lower. After birth the attentiveness of fetal hemoglobin falls rapidly and that of adult hemoglobin increases. Thus nature ensures that the fetus develops inside the uterus by getting oxygen from the mother and soon after birth starts utilizing atmospheric oxygen through a complicated mechanism. It is actually breathtaking that for the vast majority of newborns the transition is smooth.

The Functions of the Nephron of Kidney

A nephron is the basal structural and functional part of the kidney. Its necessary function is to operate the absorption of water and soluble substances such as sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is required and excreting the rest as urine.

A nephron gets rid of wastes from the body, controls blood volume and pressure, regulates levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are very foremost to life and are controlled by the endocrine ideas by hormones like antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.

Roughly one million nephrons are in the cortex of each kidney, and each one contains a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule which perform the functions of the nephron. The renal tubule contains the convoluted tubule and the loop of Heinle. The nephron is made up of a glomerulus and its tubule.

The nephron is component of the homeostatic mechanism of your body. This ideas assists operate the quantity of water, salts, glucose, urea and other minerals in your body. This is where glucose finally is engrossed in your body. One side note, diabetics get issue reabsorbing the glucose in their body and thus lots of it appears in the urine - thus the name "diabetic" or "sweet urine." any way it's other subject.

The Loop of Henle is the element of the nephron that consists of the necessary pathway for liquid. The liquid starts at the Bowman's capsule and afterward runs by way of the proximal convoluted tubule. It is here that sodium, water, amino acids, and glucose get reabsorbed.

The filtrate after that flows down the sliding limb and afterward back up. On the way it passes a major bend named the Loop Of Henle. This is located in the medulla of the kidney. Because it comes up to the top again, hydrogen ions (waste) run into the tube and down the collecting duct.
Accordingly fundamentally, nutrients flow in straight through the left and exit straight through the right. Along the way, salts, carbohydrates, and water pass straight through and are reabsorbed.

What Are the dissimilar Types of Heart Surgery?

In curative terminology 'Heart Surgery' refers to a surgical procedure which intends to replace the blocked coronary arteries with the veins obtained from the lower extremities of a patient. The general procedure involves placing the patient on a heart bypass machine. Then the surgeon performs surgery on the non-beating resting heart of the patient. With the surgery, it definitely improves the capability of life of a heart ailment sufferer.

In order to fix different heart problems of a patient, curative science has come up with numerous types of heart surgeries. Below is the brief article of these heart surgeries:

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: It is also abbreviated as Cabg and is one of the most base types of heart surgeries. Cabg is commonly carried on a person with a serous coronary artery disease (Cad).

In such type of coronary artery disease, a fatty material referred to as 'Plaque' gets accumulated inside the coronary arteries of a patient, which then blocks the arteries and reduces the flow of blood in the heart muscle.

In this type of heart surgery, a surgeon commonly takes an artery or a vein from the leg, chest or any other body part of a patient. He then grafts or connects them (veins /arteries) with the blocked artery. With this, the Cabg helps to bypass the blockage. In one surgery, the surgeon can bypass the maximum of four blocked coronary arteries.

Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization (Tlr): This type of heart surgery is commonly carried out to treat angina. This is the last option of heart surgery when all the other rehabilitation options have failed.

In this type of heart surgery, the surgeon effectively uses the laser technology to make channels in the heart muscle. These channels in turn allow the blood to flow directly from the heart chambers into the heart muscle.

Valve heal /Replacement: Heart valves are responsible for letting blood flow in one direction. Each valve comprises of a set of flaps known as 'Leaflets'.

These leaflets when get opened allow the blood to pass directly into the arteries from heart chambers. Thereafter, the leaflets get concluded firmly to stop blood from flowing back and forth into the heart chambers.

Valve heal is a kind of heart surgery which aims at operating the concluded leaflets. The leaflets get concluded due to the valve fusion which finally results in the flow of blood from the valves into the arteries getting discontinue.

To overcome this problem, surgeons commonly carry out valve heal or replacement. These transfer valves include of human, animal tissue or any manufactured substance.

Aneurysm Repair: An aneurysm refers to the abnormal bulging in the heart muscle or in the walls of the artery. This issue commonly occurs in the left-most heart chamber. With the tube of time, aneurysm can grow worst and gets burst, thus prominent to the bleeding inside the body. It may also ensue in heart attack.

In order to overcome this trouble, surgeons commonly carry out a surgery to replace the weaker sections of the artery with a graft.

Heart Transplant: Heart Transplantation is commonly done on those patients who have weak heart that fails to pump sufficient blood for meeting the discrete body requirements.

This type of surgery intends to replace the un-healthy and diseased heart with the salutary heart. This surgical measure is commonly practiced when all the curative treatments fail.

Only those patients who are either severely sick or need an instant heart transplantation are recommended to carry out this surgical remedy. This is due to the puny availability of donor hearts.

It is entirely up to the curative surgeon who diagnoses your heart problem carefully to decide which surgical procedure suits you best and then carry out the standard Heart surgery.